Autonomic Nervous System and Obj - 8649 Words

Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Motives activate behavior and propel the organism a.|to flee.|c.|toward goals.| b.|to respond.|d.|to drives.| ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual 2. The study of motivation is an attempt to understand __________ a behavior occurs. a.|why|c.|when| b.|how|d.|all of these| ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: BTC 3. Psychologists define hypothetical states that activate behavior and propel one towards goals as a.|needs.|c.|drives.| b.|motives.|d.|incentives.| ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual 4. Motives are described as hypothetical states because a.|they cannot be seen or measured directly.| b.|they cannot be measured.|†¦show more content†¦a.|drive|c.|compulsion| b.|impulse|d.|incentive| ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual 21. Lower car insurance rates serve as a(n) __________ for good driving. a.|incentive|c.|stimulus| b.|drive|d.|motive| ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Applied 22. Instinctual behavior is indicative of a.|unlearned responses.|c.|species-specific responses.| b.|genetically transmitted behaviors.|d.|all of these| ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 23. The evolutionary perspective describes behaviors that a.|come naturally to a species.|c.|are nurtured.| b.|must be learned.|d.|require environmental experience.| ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual 24. The observation that birds reared in isolation from other birds have the capacity to build nests without observation or learning experience provides evidence for the a.|nurture theory.|c.|needs theory.| b.|evolutionary perspective.|d.|learning theory.| ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 25. William McDougall (1908) compiled a list of 12 human _________ that included hunger, sex, and self-assertion. a.|impulses|c.|incentives| b.|releasers|d.|instincts| ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 9-188 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual 26. Research regarding human instincts agrees with all of the following EXCEPT: a.|Human behavior is biologically influenced but not controlled.| b.|There are 12 basic human instincts.| c.|The question regarding humanShow MoreRelatedChapter 2 Biology and Psychology Essay9060 Words   |  37 Pagespossible without the functioning of the nervous system? a. ideals, thoughts, and plans c. behaviors, emotions, and cognitions b. imagery and cognitions d. all of these ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 2-26 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 2. A(n) _________ is a nerve cell. a. axon c. dendrite b. neuron d. glial cell ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 2-26 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: BTC 3. ________ remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system, nourish and insulate neurons, and

A Brief History And Analysis Of Portrayal Of Women Essay

McNamara 6 Alyssa McNamara Dr. Michael I. Niman SPC 333 5 December 2016 A Brief History and Analysis of the Portrayal of Women in Magazines Throughout history women have been depicted and treated as an inferior to the male all aspects of life. It is without debate, that to this day, like many other countries, the United States of America is a patriarchal society, valuing men over women and using various tactics to oppress women by constructing gender roles. These gender roles are thrust upon people before birth and are reinforced through society within the media. This object here is to provide an overview of the portrayal of women in magazines from the late 1800’s to present day. As the years progress, so do the number of women’s rights. While women are still fighting for equality, the birth of feminism has done much to close the gender gap. Mass media, magazines in particular, facilitated in fostering a stereotype which became the standard, and continues to be, used by society. A society that continues to oppress and sup press its women. However, as the mass media has the capability to demystify, or to bring down and/or destroy a particular group or person, they also have the ability of mystification, or emulating a person or group into society’s graces. I plan to review how women were portrayed since this country’s inception with an analysis of how gender equality might be possible today. HISTORY In the 1900’s, the United States of America was a young and stillShow MoreRelatedThe Goddess And The Nation : Mapping Mother India1544 Words   |  7 PagesIn her book â€Å"The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India†, Sumathi Ramaswamy takes a glance into the time when Mother India / Bharat Mata emerged on the land of India, and talks about her significance, portrayal and mapping. The main purpose of this work by Sumathi Ramaswamy is to understand how Mother India / Bharat Mata came into being, what was her importance among the people, how she was related geographically to the map of India, her mapping throughout India and her depiction as a symbolRead MoreSexism : Women Are Weak, Less Intelligent, And Less Important Than Men1399 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief that women are weaker, less intelligent, and less important than men† (Longman, 1995).Sexism is defined â€Å"as a negative attitude or discriminatory behavior based on the presumed inferiority or d ifference of women as a group† (Cameron, 2001).Cornell (as cited in Trujillo, 1991, p. 290) defines hegemonic masculinity as â€Å"the culturally idealized form of masculine character† which underlines â€Å"the connecting of masculinity to toughness and competitiveness† and â€Å"the subordination of women.† CornellRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1094 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing anonymous and it is also how women were recognized or not seen before feminism. Although, some anonymity may be relaxing the thought of totally anonymity is undesirable by any human being. The first brush of feminism started in 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York after a two day conference on woman’s rights. 68 women and 32 men sign a Declaration of Sentiment. The declaration declared â€Å"equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women.† One hundred and twenty-six yearsRead MoreThanksgiving Is A Holiday Of Many Interpretations Essay1595 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesholiday which came to be in Plymouth, Massachusetts during the year of 1621. In its prime, Thanksgiving has been described as â€Å"a three-day festival of eating, hunting, and other entertainment in honor of the pilgrims’ first successful harvest,† (History). What history textbooks around the world do not tell you is that these are only miniscule details regarding what the holiday actually commemorates. According to numerous sources, Thanksgiving has been given a negative reputation for laying the foundationRead MoreProject Report1277 Words   |  6 Pagesit before. By first writing in the Observer, the gist of the project is shown and that will hopefully encourage many to look more deeply and attend the screenings. This is a unique experience to dive more deeply into the ways our culture presents women and how this has a historical significance. The group I hope to impact most are those who do not see the issue with the treatment of gender is this society. True change cannot be made if information is disseminated to only those who agree, this isRead More The Importance of Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters in Susan Glaspells Trifles1112 Words   |  5 Pagesunpleasantness. Mrs. Peters ahs to shake off the mood which the empty rocking chair [evokes] (131) before she continues her conversation with Mrs. Hale. The strange feeling the house provokes prods the women to think more deeply into t he events leading to John Wrights death. This curiosity allows the women to uncover a motive. The reader knows form the authors descriptions and Mrs. Hales testimony that Mrs. Wright leads an unhappy life. She had been neglected and oppressed by her stern husbandRead MoreAccusation And Defense Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1658 Words   |  7 Pagestrials Suraj Gamal History 1301-73001-73002 JOE L. MCCAMBRIDGE - HISTORY 1301-1302 One of the most infamous Trial in history took place on March 1, 1692. According, to the Library of Congress, Massachusetts authorities catechized Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and an Indian Slave, Tituba regarding their practice in witchcraft. The trial resulted in more than 150 men and women in and around Salem jailed on charges of practicing Witchcraft and Sorceries. Nineteen of them were men and women who were eventuallyRead MoreBusiness: Axe Commercial Research Essays1132 Words   |  5 Pagesbody-sprays for men in the past decade. For example, they launched a line of anti-per spirant and deodorant sticks, with shower gels, and hair care products for guys from 2004 to 2009 (unileverusa.com). They even has introduced some body spray for women since 2010 (theguardian.com). Axe also sells deodorant roll-on, antiperspirant aerosol spray, antiperspirant stick, aftershaves and eau de toilette, and skin care products (slideshare.net). Commercial Campaigns Besides new products and packingRead MoreRadio Free Dixie1505 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis: Radio Free Dixie The beginning of black militancy in the United States is said to have begun with the chants â€Å"Black Power† demanded by Stokely Carmichael and Willie Ricks during the 1966 March against Fear. 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NCOs in the American Army Free Essays

Our work aims to research the role of NCOs in the American army in 1775-1865. NCO   means non-commissioned officer in United States Army, it’s the same as sergeant (Allen 118). Within the context of the Army rank system, however, there were often mitigating circumstances and a maze of variables that altered the hierarchy and the privileges associated with rank. We will write a custom essay sample on NCOs in the American Army or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the rank structure was essentially rigid, occasionally a â€Å"billet† or specific job could be of greater importance for the actual display of power. For example, a commander of any rank was shown more respect and admiration than a staff officer of the same rank. Commanders were often given special privileges because of their positions rather than their rank. Additionally, officers of lower rank and some enlisted soldiers sometimes had responsibilities that provided them with more respect, or at least more power. For example, an enlisted soldier who was post quartermaster wielded unusual power due to his ability to determine who received coveted government supplies and equipment. However, regardless of the billet or display of power, the enlisted soldier who temporarily held the reins of power within a certain area never ascended to the higher social class of the officers. Social standing–or class association–was never altered by mere power or position. The enlisted soldier who was the quartermaster was still regarded as a member of the enlisted ranks and thus part of the lower class. On the Western frontier the Army’s rank system remained unremittingly intact because it was the only structure there was. The post commander was the supreme authority in all matters, and every form of official military etiquette was respected and enforced. This disparity between officers and NCOs disappeared only very slowly as one moved up the rank structure, and it was a very foolish battalion commander who angers his own or a higher commander’s sergeant major. At battalion level the sergeant major served a useful unifying function, assisted the commander in dealing with troops and serving as a trainer for the unit’s first sergeants. Above battalion, command sergeants major interfered with subordinate units, contradict local command guidance, and provided a disruptive back-channel for political maneuvering by NCOs dissatisfied with their commanders or their positions in life.So officer could place himself under the tutelage of his senior NCOs and act, in effect, as his platoon sergeant’s subordinate and as the unit’s mascot. The main task of NCOs was train   soldiers. Ideally, all cadets should be prior-service enlisted personnel, and those who are not should go through a regular-style basic training course, with regular drill sergeants, among normal trainees. At least in the past, trainees have often been terrified of the Army, particularly in the early weeks. They are also physically tired during basic training and only want to relax or perhaps explore their new environment during their off-duty time. Recruits do not know each other well enough at this period to develop the relations of trust and affection that are necessary for organizing a resistance movement. The Army appears to watch the trainees most closely during basic training, and it seems to give noncommissioned officers ( NCOs) and officers more license to use their power and authority than at nearly any other time during a soldier’s experience in the Army. The NCOs keep a close watch for possible chargeable offenses, and there are many extra, stiffer inspections and vague threats of violence. In marches, the resisting soldier is continually called for being out of step, even if he is marching perfectly. Physical exercise is also used as a punishment. Officer couldn’t holler at nobody.   And if he didn’t get the job done, the man who didn’t do the job, they didn’t say nothing to the private over there. They ask the NCO why the job didn’t get done. Many times there is a conflict between loyal service to one’s immediate commander and improving one’s image with his boss. The senior rater is rarely directly aware of a junior officer’s work. This leads to another baneful effect, perhaps as crippling as any already discussed. Although the senior rater may have his own opinion of the junior officer, and will take the immediate rater’s assessment into account, there is another source of input. That is the information fed to him by other members of the unit, including the rated officer’s subordinates or, if he is a staff officer, people who are subject to his inspection. Many â€Å"subordinates,† such as senior NCOs, actually have far more prestige and credibility than the rated captain or lieutenant. Many times the senior rating amounts to nothing less than a peer or subordinate rating. A lieutenant or a company commander who has a bright idea is seen as trying to override his NCOs or to step on what they conceive to be their territory. While the rated officer’s immediate boss may appreciate his innovations or unusual accomplishments, the senior rater will hear a lot more from the many wounded parties involved. The senior rating becomes a means of social control. Battles are not won by leaders who have adjusted to this kind of groupthink. This is probably why 49 percent of army officers felt that â€Å"the bold, creative officer could not survive† in the army. In the American army NCOs   allowed to take some responsibility in organizing the men, such as during recreation. This technique has the advantages of giving subordinates the experience in leadership they will need should the officer be missing and creates for them a more extensive sense of commitment to the unit. NCOs who take an interest in their squads have had an enormous effect in boosting morale and in creating a link to the officer.   NCOs are always to be backed up and never criticized in front of the men. Officers are less subject to the normative pull of enlisted men and hence do not suffer the conflicts between enlisted men’s expectations and military expectations to the extent that NCOs do. Good relations with NCOs is a mark of a professionalized officer. When American soldiers went in combat action, they listen to their NCOs. Sergeants   are the ones who know what’s going on and they could give officers a lot of help. In combat the officer in charge of the company, the company commander, is a commissioned officer who is likely to have little close contact with the men. He is concerned with logistics, but he is not primarily concerned with assessing morale. That information he gets from his senior NCOs, who are in close contact with the soldiers and are enlisted men themselves. Thus an NCO must have a great deal of experience in combat, whereas the officer need not have so much field experience. This is why the Army can function with a man in a higher command position. The Army places great importance on these morale indicators. They are easily observed and thought to be valid measures of leadership abilities and are therefore important in the evaluation of officers and NCOs for promotion. Many officers and NCOs respond to their accountability by trying to boost the indicators while paying little attention to the proper leadership techniques. Morale is the cornerstone of professional paternalist control, and paternalists have ways to assess morale; the NCO’s function and the use of indicators come to mind.  American officers consistently proposed less severe corrective action than NCOs.  NCOs became more severe as they grew older and as their length of service increased. Interestingly, officers gave their highest effectiveness ratings to those NCOs who were most punitive and least like themselves. Inspector General’s report, Sergeant Major Robert D. Easterling was scathing about Guard noncommissioned officers in the three roundout brigades called up, including the 48th:  As a whole, the NCO corps within the National Guard Roundout brigades fail to meet the traditional standards expected of NCOs†¦. Most of the NCOs do not demonstrate an understanding or use of leadership principles. Although the NCO may know his strengths and weaknesses, countless interviews with NCOs reveal no real desire to seek self-improvement. The NCOs see no incentive to put forth additional effort for self-improvement†¦. Most immediate supervisors do not understand the need to care for their subordinates’ physical and safety needs, as well as the need to discipline and reward them fairly†¦. There is little evidence NCOs in the brigades strive to develop a sense of responsibility in their subordinates (Appendix D 64). Those not in units will perform meaningful staff work and a decision will be made regarding a â€Å"command track† for those who are gifted with soldier leadership skills. When a combat arms officer or NCO scrambles to get back in a unit, then we will know that the culture is correct. Officers and NCOs who have relied for years on coercive techniques may experience a great deal of stress as the Army limits their techniques. They feel discipline is eroding and that new soldiers will be ineffective and vulnerable to great losses in combat. Works Cited Page Allen,   Edward Frank. Allen’s Dictionary of Abbreviations and Symbols. New York: Coward-McCann, 1946. Mackesy, Piers. The War for America: 1775-1783. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1992. â€Å"Special Assessment Dept. of the Army,† Appendix D,1965. Volo, Dorothy Denneen. Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2003. Werner , Herman O. Men in Arms: A History of Warfare and Its Interrelationships with Western Society. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1956. How to cite NCOs in the American Army, Essay examples

Comparison Nevada and Us Constitution free essay sample

Yet when the workings of the legislative, executive, and judicial systems are investigated, it is clear that Nevada’s state constitution deviates dramatically from the U. S. Constitution. While both share these three separate designations of political power, and while there is the unstated intention that these branches are intended to keep the other within check, there are differences which suggest a greater degree of democratic control over each area therein. A topical example is in the judicial system; currently, the Bush Administration is seeking to replace one of the members of the Supreme Court. Under the U. S. Constitution, this appointment is a lifelong position that will only be nullified if the judge resigns their post or dies in office. This creates serious contests within the partisan political environment found among federal representatives, for any candidate appointed to this post helps define the direction of the Supreme Court for the rest of their life. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Nevada and Us Constitution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, it is frequently believed that a president who appoints a judge to the Supreme Court is creating a legacy, helping to shape the direction of the laws for the country for a time long after their presidency has expired. This makes the selection of a judge a hotly contested process. In Nevada, in contrast, the State Supreme Court uses a â€Å"staggered† system in order to appoint their judges. The judges are selected not by presidential appointment but by â€Å"qualified electors of the State at the general election,† and are only allowed to hold their office for a limited period of years. Furthermore, the Chief Justice is only allowed to maintain their post for six years, thus reducing the opportunity to shape the direction of the state’s laws throughout the remainder of their lives. Additional points of contrast strongly suggest that the executive and legislative branches likewise show that there is a difference between the U. S. Constitution and the Nevada State Constitution. For example, in the executive branch, the sitting president has the ability to appoint individuals to head various divisions and political positions. Many of these positions comprise his â€Å"cabinet,† and there is a tendency for this cabinet to make decisions according to the will of the Administration. Indeed, an argument could be made that appointing cabinet heads helps ensure a body of political leaders who are predisposed to favor the president in his decision-making processes as opposed to questioning them, and those who differ from the president’s perspectives are more likely to be excluded from the political cabinet: this was readily apparent in the decision of Colin Power to step down as Secretary of State after his opinions concerning the direction of the Bush Administration were dismissed. In Nevada, the Governor does have the ability to â€Å"fill vacancies† in high political positions, but this is only a stopgap solution to help keep the position occupied until there is another means of replacing the official. Often, this is found in the form of an election or â€Å"granting a commission,† and the candidate needs to be assessed according to his or her qualifications. However, aside from this contingency, elections are used to fill such positions. References Constitution of the State of Nevada, The. (2005) Author. Acquired 3 October 2005 at http://www. leg. state. nv. us/Const/NvConst. html White House, The. (2005) â€Å"The United States Constitution. † Acquired 3 October 2005 at http://www. house. gov/Constitution/Constitution. html